Acellular Scaffold Implantation – No Alternative to Tissue Engineering

Author:

Walles T.1,Puschmann C.2,Haverich A.1,Mertsching H.2

Affiliation:

1. Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany

2. Leibniz Institute for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover - Germany

Abstract

Objective Degradation mechanisms of cardiovascular bioprostheses may play an important role in bioartificial implants. The fate of acellular implanted and cellular cardiovascular scaffolds was examined in an in vivo model. Methods Decellularized or native ovine carotid artery (CA, n=42) and aorta (AO, n=42) were implanted subcutaneously into rats for 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Immunohistochemical methods were used to monitor repopulation. Desmin-vimentin, CD31-, CD4- and CD18-antibodies for myocytes, endothelium, and inflammatory cell-infiltration, respectively. Calcification was detected by von-Kossa staining. Cell density was quantified by DNA-isolation. Results Acellular AO and CA matrices showed progressive calcification. Cellular AO and CA matrices trigger a strong inflammatory reaction which subsides after two weeks. CA scaffolds are revascularized progressively, whereas AO biocomposites degenerate. Calcification is less pronounced in cellular AO scaffolds and lacking in CA. Conclusions Acellular bioartificial implants demonstrate degradation mechanisms similar to currently applied cardiovascular bioprostheses. Cellularized viable implants are promising clinical alternatives.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Biomedical Engineering,Biomaterials,General Medicine,Medicine (miscellaneous),Bioengineering

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