Work-Related Asthma Among Certified Nurse Aides in Texas

Abstract

Background: Although nurses are well described as being at risk of work-related asthma, certified nurse aides (CNAs) are understudied. Using a statewide registry in Texas, we measured prevalence and risk factors for work-related asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) symptoms among CNAs. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of CNAs ( n = 2,114) identified through the Texas Department of Aging and Disability Services registry, working in health care during 2016–2017, to collect data on job history, asthma symptoms, and sociodemographics. Two outcomes were defined: (a) new-onset asthma (NOA) after entry into the health care field and (b) BHR-related symptoms. Job exposures to cleaning compounds and tasks were assigned using an externally coded CNA-specific job-exposure matrix. Logistic regression modeling was used to measure associations between cleaning exposures and the two asthma outcomes. Findings: The final sample consisted of 413 CNAs (response rate 21.6%). The prevalence of NOA and BHR symptoms were 3.6% and 26.9%, respectively. In adjusted models, elevated odds for BHR symptoms were observed for patient care cleaning (odds ratio [OR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.45, 6.51]), instrument cleaning (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = [0.66, 2.68]), building-surface cleaning (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = [0.35, 5.60]), exposure to glutaraldehyde/orthophthalaldehyde (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = [0.66, 2.68]), and latex glove use during 1992–2000 (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = [0.84, 3.12]). There were too few NOA cases to warrant meaningful regression analysis. Conclusion/Application to Practice: Although not statistically significant, we observed elevated odds of BHR symptoms among nurse aides, associated with cleaning exposures, suggesting this is an at-risk group of health care professionals for work-related respiratory disease, meriting further study.