Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in a patient with multiple sclerosis and tumefactive demyelinating lesion

Abstract

In this report, we discuss the occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage in a patient with multiple sclerosis during treatment with natalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the α4β1-integrin. Hemorrhage was located in a previously tumefactive demyelinating lesion. The mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment to the sites of inflammation through interaction of leukocyte α4β1-integrins and endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 are well known. However, α4β1-integrins are also expressed on endothelial cells and CD34+ bone marrow–derived progenitor cells, controlling several key pathways in angiogenesis. Neovascularization may contribute to tissue repair, particularly in large inflammatory cerebral lesions with increased vascular fragility. We discuss possible interaction of natalizumab with angiogenesis during tissue repair.