Polypharmacy and multiple sclerosis: A population-based study

Abstract

Background: Little is known about polypharmacy and multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: To estimate polypharmacy prevalence in a population-based MS cohort and compare persons with/without polypharmacy. Methods: Using administrative and pharmacy data from Canada, we estimated polypharmacy prevalence (⩾5 concurrent medications for >30 consecutive days) in MS individuals in 2017. We compared the characteristics of persons with/without polypharmacy and described the number of polypharmacy days, the most common medication classes contributing to polypharmacy and hyper-polypharmacy prevalence (⩾10 medications). Results: Of 14,227 included individuals (75% women), mean age = 55.4 (standard deviation (SD): 13.2) years; 28% ( n = 3995) met criteria for polypharmacy (median polypharmacy days = 273 (interquartile range (IQR): 120–345)). Odds of polypharmacy were higher for women (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.14; 95% confidence intervals (CI):1.04–1.25), older individuals (aORs 50–64 years = 2.04; 95% CI:1.84–2.26; ⩾65 years = 3.26; 95% CI: 2.92–3.63 vs. <50 years), those with more comorbidities (e.g. ⩾3 vs. none, aOR = 6.03; 95% CI: 5.05–7.22) and lower socioeconomic status (SES) (e.g. most (SES-Q1) vs. least deprived (SES-Q5) aOR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.44–1.86). Medication classes most commonly contributing to polypharmacy were as follows: antidepressants (66% of polypharmacy days), antiepileptics (47%), and peptic ulcer drugs (41%). Antidepressants were most frequently co-prescribed with antiepileptics (34% of polypharmacy days) and peptic ulcer drugs (27%). Five percent of persons (716/14,227) experienced hyper-polypharmacy. Conclusion: More than one in four MS persons met criteria for polypharmacy. The odds of polypharmacy were higher for women, older persons, and those with more comorbidities, but lower SES.