Treatment of inflammatory neuropathy

Abstract

Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) provides an accurate model for understanding the mechanism of acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP and CIDP). Treatments aimed at every stage of the immune process in EAN have been effective in inhibiting or treating the disease, including antibodies directed against cell adhesion molecules on the endothelium, inhibition of T cells, removal or blockade of antibodies, depletion of complement and interference with the release or action of macrophage effector molecules. In human disease the only proven treatments are plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in AIDP, and either of these regimens and also corticosteroids in CIDP. However the outcome from AIDP and CIDP remains unsatisfactory with existing immunosuppressive regimens. This problem arises from the fact that while demyelination appears to be effectively and promptly repaired by remyelination, it may be accompanied by axonal degeneration which can cause severe persistent disability. In addition to limiting demyelination, it will also be important to develop strategies to protect axons from degeneration and to enhance regeneration.