Chemotypes of Pistacia atlantica Leaf Essential Oils from Algeria

Abstract

The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of Pistacia atlantica Desf. leaves collected from different regions of Algeria were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil was rich in monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The major components were α-pinene (0.0-67%), δ-3-carene (0.0-56%), spathulenol (0.5-22%), camphene (0.0-21%), terpinen-4-ol (0.0-16%) and β-pinene (0.0-13%). Among the various components identified, twenty were used for statistical analyses. The result of principal component analysis (PCA) showed the occurrence of three chemotypes: a δ-3-carene chemotype (16.4-56.2%), a terpinen-4-ol chemotype (10.8-16.0%) and an α-pinene/camphene chemotype (10.9-66.6% / 3.8-20.9%). It was found that the essential oil from female plants (δ-3-carene chemotype) could be easily differentiated from the two other chemotypes corresponding to male trees.