Individual Difference Effects on Performance in a Complex, Multi-Decision-Making Environment

Abstract

The present research examines the impact of cognitive style and short-term memory (STM) capacity on the computer interface usability of a pilot simulation. Participants screened for individual differences in cognitive style and STM capacity were randomly assigned to a training condition within the Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MAT; Arnegard & Comstock, 1991). Training conditions varied in automation settings (adaptive versus static). Participants transferred to a novel static condition. Between subjects independent variables were individual differences in STM capacity (high, low), cognitive style (analytic, holistic, quasi-rational), and training (static versus adaptive). Within subjects independent variables were training (four blocks) and transfer (four blocks) sessions. Dependent variables were accuracy and reaction time. Results suggest that individual differences in STM capacity and cognitive style are orthogonal constructs that interact to affect skill acquisition and strategy development for visual-spatial tasks. Implications related to computer interface design are discussed.