The Influence of Driver Expectation when Recognizing Lighted Targets at Nighttime

Abstract

Over the years, in a night time driving scenario, expectancy has been linked with faster night time recognition. This study tries to evaluate the ability of observers to identify illuminated objects on the road in the absence of an associative pattern. In this study 47 of 60 participants did not respond to a light source that was in the drivers’ travel lane ahead. Of those who did not respond to the light when directly ahead, 64% indicated that had seen it beforehand. When the light was 2 meters to the drivers’ right, 33% that saw the light failed to respond. All of the drivers who saw the light before striking it claimed that they thought it was off the road until too late. When the drivers did not know what the light source was, they could not decipher where the light was. However, once aware of the presence of the light the average recognition distance improved 192 meters (632 feet) with 100% recognition. These results fit well with the SEEV search model and an Information Theory approach to driver expectancy. Previous claims that the difference between expected and unexpected driver responses is a 2 to 1 ratio was not supported by this research.