Placement of Intracranial Pressure Monitors by Non-neurosurgeons: A Follow-Up Study

Abstract

Background Some research suggests that physicians who are not neurosurgeons can safely place intracranial pressure (ICP) monitors. The purpose of this study was to compare intracranial pressure monitor placement complications between neurosurgeons, trauma physicians, and general surgery residents. We hypothesized that with appropriate training, general residents can safely place ICP monitors. Methods A 10-year retrospective chart review of all trauma patients that required ICP monitor placement between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021, was conducted. Comparisons were made between treatment groups. Results During the study period, 194 patients required ICP monitor placement. General surgery residents placed 94.3% of ICP monitors, 3.6% were placed by attending trauma physicians, and 2.1% by neurosurgeons. No ICP monitors were placed by attending trauma physicians or neurosurgeons between 2015 and 2018. Overall, minor complications during ICP monitor placement included device malfunction (2.7%) and inaccurate readings (.5%). There were no major complications during ICP monitor placement. Post-ICP monitor placement complications included one patient who experienced a central nervous system infection (.5%) and three patients who had mechanical problems (1.5%). No complications occurred among the neurosurgeon or attending trauma physician treatment groups. Conclusion Most intracranial pressure monitors in our study sample were safely placed by surgical residents. Based on our study findings and considering the shortage and downtrend of neurosurgery specialists, ICP bolt placement needs to become a core clinical skill in surgical resident programs across the United States.