Volvulus of the Small Bowel in Adults

Abstract

The volvulus of the small bowel is a surgical emergency, causing small bowel obstruction. We performed a retrospective study of all the patients diagnosed and treated with small bowel volvulus between 1977 and 2007 at our institution. One hundred twenty-nine patients were analyzed. Thirty-nine patients presented primary volvulus and 90 secondary ones. The most frequent symptom was sudden abdominal pain. CT scan was the best diagnostic method with an accuracy of 83 per cent. Necrotic small bowel loops appeared in 46.5 per cent of the patients. Eighteen patients had postoperative complications (14%). Mortality rate was 9.3 per cent. A higher mortality is observed among patients with previous abdominal surgeries and cardiopathies. Necrotic loops are associated with higher mortality and incidence of surgical complications; patients with diabetes are associated with a higher incidence of necrotic loops. Cardiopathies are associated with more frequent medical and surgical complications. Recurrence rate was 3.9 per cent associated with simple devolvulation. Primary volvulus are more frequent among males and patients with diabetes. Jejunal location is associated with primary volvulus and these correlate with a higher incidence of necrotic loops. Primary volvulus presents a higher incidence of surgical complications. A bowel obstruction with sudden abdominal pain must be suspicious of small bowel volvulus. The main aim is to achieve an early diagnosis to prevent a necrotic small bowel. CT scan is the imaging test with the best diagnostic accuracy. Primary volvulus, the presence of necrotic loops, and patients with cardiopathies, diabetes mellitus, and with previous abdominal surgery are associated with a worse outcome.