Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy via Pharyngostomy: Novel Access for Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Defects

Abstract

Background Perforation and anastomotic leakage of the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI) has a high mortality and morbidity rate. Recently, UGI leaks have been treated with endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT). However, this technique traditionally requires multiple EVT changes and a prolonged and uncomfortable nasoenteric intubation. We describe our experience using EVT through a novel pharyngostomy access to manage UGI leaks. Methods We describe our development and implementation of EVT via a novel pharyngostomy access to treat a variety of UGI defects. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative data were analyzed. Results Six patients with UGI perforations or anastomotic leaks were treated with an EVT using a pharyngostomy access. The median age was 69 years (IQR 53-71). Four patients leaked after an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, one after a robotic para-esophageal hernia repair, and another after a Roux en Y esophagojejunostomy. Defects were detected on a median of 11.5 days (IQR 3-21). Median values for the duration of the EVT therapy and the number of EVT changes were 19.5 days (IQR 14-31) and 7 (IQR 6.5-9), respectively. Four of the patients were discharged with an EVT in place and were successfully managed as outpatients. At a median follow-up of 8 months, two patients developed strictures. None of the patients required any surgical re-intervention, they tolerated oral intake, and all leakages were confirmed closed by imaging and endoscopy. Discussion Endoscopic vacuum therapy can be successfully managed through a pharyngostomy access, as described. This access is easy, comfortable, and reliable and allows for a transition to outpatient management.