Radiomics; Contemporary Applications in the Management of Anal Cancer; A Systematic Review

Author:

Temperley Hugo C.12ORCID,O’Sullivan Niall J.1,Waters Caitlin2,Corr Alison1,Mehigan Brian J.2,O’Kane Grainne34,McCormick Paul2,Gillham Charles34,Rausa Emanuele5,Larkin John O.2,Meaney James F.1,Brennan Ian1,Kelly Michael E.26

Affiliation:

1. Department of Radiology, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

2. Department of Surgery, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

3. St Luke’s Radiation Oncology Network, Dublin, Ireland

4. Department of Radiation Oncology, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

5. Colorectal Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy

6. Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland

Abstract

Introduction The management of anal cancer relies on clinical and histopathological features for treatment decisions. In recent years, the field of radiomics, which involves the extraction and analysis of quantitative imaging features, has shown promise in improving management of pelvic cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current application of radiomics in the management of anal cancer. Methods A systematic search was conducted in Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized and non-randomized trials investigating the use of radiomics to predict post-operative recurrence in anal cancer. Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 and Radiomics Quality Score tools. Results The systematic review identified a total of nine studies, with 589 patients examined. There were three main outcomes assessed in included studies: recurrence (6 studies), progression-free survival (2 studies), and prediction of human papillomavirus (HPV) status (1 study). Radiomics-based risk stratification models were found to provide valuable insights into treatment response and patient outcomes, with all developed signatures demonstrating at least modest accuracy (range: .68-1.0) in predicting their primary outcome. Conclusion Radiomics has emerged as a promising tool in the management of anal cancer. It offers the potential for improved risk stratification, treatment planning, and response assessment, thereby guiding personalized therapeutic approaches.

Funder

Supported by Joly Cancer Leadership Programme, Trinity St James Cancer Institute

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

General Medicine

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