Acute Care Surgery Service Is Essential During a Nonsurgical Catastrophic Event, the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author:

Bugaev Nikolay1,Hojman Horacio M.1,Breeze Janis L.2,Nasraway Stanley A.3,Arabian Sandra S.1,Holewinski Sharon3,Johnson Benjamin P.1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Trauma & Acute Care Surgery, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

2. Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, and Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

3. Department of Surgery, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

Abstract

Background The role of an acute care surgery (ACS) service during the COVID-19 pandemic is not well established. Methods A retrospective review of the ACS service performance in an urban tertiary academic medical center. The study was performed between January and May 2020. The demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients treated by the ACS service 2 months prior to the COVID surge (pre-COVID group) and during the first 2 months of the COVID-19 pandemic (surge group) were compared. Results Trauma and emergency general surgery volumes decreased during the surge by 38% and 57%, respectively; but there was a 64% increase in critically ill patients. The proportion of patients in the Department of Surgery treated by the ACS service increased from 40% pre-COVID to 67% during the surge. The ACS service performed 32% and 57% of all surgical cases in the Department of Surgery during the pre-COVID and surge periods, respectively. The ACS service managed 23% of all critically ill patients in the institution during the surge. Critically ill patients with and without confirmed COVID-19 infection treated by ACS and non-ACS intensive care units during the surge did not differ in demographics, indicators of clinical severity, or hospital mortality:13.4% vs. 13.5% ( P = .99) for all critically ill patients; and 13.9% vs. 27.4% ( P = .12) for COVID-19 critically ill patients. Conclusion Acute care surgery is an “essential” service during the COVID-19 pandemic, capable of managing critically ill nonsurgical patients while maintaining the provision of trauma and emergent surgical services. Level of Evidence III. Study Type Therapeutic.

Funder

The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

General Medicine

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