Concomitants of Gynaecological Problem: A Study on Young Married Women of Rural West Bengal

Abstract

Gynaecological problem makes up a sizable proportion of disease burden in women. Majority of these problems remain unaddressed as cultural and gender norms make women silent to report these problems. Undiagnosed and untreated gynaecological problems at young age may have physical and psychological consequences in later life. This article aims to understand the prevalence of gynaecological problems and its concomitants among young married women of rural West Bengal. We collected data on 1,107 young married women, aged 24 years or below, inhabiting the rural areas of three districts of West Bengal with at least one child of five years or below. A pretested structured schedule was used to collect data on socio-demographic variables and symptoms related to gynaecological problems and their management. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to get an in-depth understanding of the participants towards gynaecological problems and management. Around 41 per cent of women reported at least one of the gynaecological problems. Excessive vaginal discharge with bad odour, pain or burning sensation while passing urine, itching at vagina, lower abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities and painful menstruation were the most reported problems. Only 22 per cent of participants sought medical advice. FGDs reveal that there is a variation among the participants regarding the perception and awareness of gynaecological problems. Sexual activity, early marriage and menstrual hygiene were perceived to be the causes of gynaecological problems. The local healers were consulted at the initial stage of the problem; qualified medical practitioners were consulted when the problem persisted. We conclude from this study that socio-cultural factors remain the primary reason behind the high prevalence of gynaecological problem among the study participants.