Is the Mid-Term Patency Rate of Small-Diameter Viabahn Stent-Grafts in Peripheral Artery Disease Related to Their Length? A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective: Small-diameter endografts can be used for the treatment of the peripheral vascular disease, but the patency rate during the follow-up is still under debate. With this review, we aimed at analyzing the mid-term patency of small-diameter Viabahn stent-grafts and investigating the relationship between patency and the length of the graft. Methods: We performed a review of articles published until September 2020 and reporting use of ≤7-mm-diameter Viabahn stent-grafts in diseased peripheral arteries. Data on study type, demographic, lesion length, stent-graft diameter, length, and patency (1-year, 3-year, 5-year primary patency, primary-assisted patency, and secondary patency), follow-up, endoleak, and re-intervention rates were extracted and analyzed. A statistical test was applied to identify a correlation between stent-graft length and patency. Results: 16 retrospective and 7 prospective studies reported the outcome of 1613 patients (mean age: 69.6±33.7 years). There was considerable heterogeneity in reporting standards among studies. The diameter of Viabahn stent-grafts ranged 5 to 7mm and the average length was 23.6±12.4cm. Heparin-bonded grafts were used in 46.4% of cases. Mean follow-up time was 26.4±17.6 months. The 1- and 5-year primary patency rate was 75.7% (95% CI, 73.6%–77.8%) and 46.8% (95% CI, 41.0%–52.6%), respectively. The 1- and 5-year primary-assisted patency rate was 80.9% (95% CI, 73.9%–87.8%) and 60.9% (95% CI, 46.4–75.5%), respectively. The 1- and 5-year second-assisted patency was 90.4% (95% CI, 87.4%–93.3%) and 73.7% (95% CI, 64.7%–82.8%), respectively. No correlation between the stent-graft length and patency was found. Conclusions: Small-diameter Viabahn stent-graft implantation represents a safe treatment for patients with peripheral artery disease, and the mid-term patency rate seems not be affected by the length of the graft. Clinical Impact The use of small diameter stent-grafts for peripheral vascular disease is an established technique but the patency rate is still under debate. With this review we have investigated the relationship between the mid-term patency and the diameter of the stent-grafts. Afterv having analysed data from 23 published studies including 1613 patients we can conclude that the treatment of the peripheral artery disease with small diameter stent-grafts is safe and the mid-term patency rate seems not be affected by the lenght of the grafts.