Thrombus Characterization with Intravascular Ultrasound: Potential to Predict Successful Thrombolysis

Abstract

Purpose: To define analysis methods using radiofrequency (RF) data from intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to characterize thrombus so that the success or failure of thrombolysis can be predicted. Methods: Experimentation was done in 2 phases: first, 40 clots created from platelet-rich (n = 20) and platelet-poor (n = 20) plasma were imaged with 20 and 30-MHz IVUS probes. The digitized RF signals were analyzed to determine the attenuation and slope of attenuation characteristics as a reference standard for the second part of the study. In this phase, 20 perfusion trials were performed with 10 platelet-rich and 10 platelet-poor samples in an in vitro arterial perfusion model; the composition of the samples was blinded during interrogation with IVUS. Alteplase (0.1 mg) was then infused directly into the thrombus for 1 hour; restoration of flow and amount of lysis were quantified. Results: Significant differences were detected for the integrated attenuation value (p<0.001) between platelet-poor and platelet-rich clots interrogated with a 30-MHz probe, but no differences were noted using the 20-MHz catheter. However, both transducers were capable of differentiating platelet-rich and platelet-poor clots using a slope of attenuation analysis, which was successful in identifying all 20 (100%) of the blinded clots in the in vitro model. The speed and completeness of lysis were significantly higher (p<0.05) for platelet-rich (78%) than platelet-poor (21%) clots. Conclusions: IVUS preprocessed imaging is capable of differentiating various types of thrombus. This information can be used to predict the success or failure of pharmacological lysis techniques.