1. Recently a cross-cultural scholarship has developed and focused on the substantial intellectual interaction between the Ottoman Eastern Mediterranean and the Latin West that began in the mid-fifteenth century. See for instance Babinger Franz, Mehmed the Conqueror and his time (Princeton, 1992); on artisans and art see Atasoy Nurhan, Raby Julian, The pottery of Ottoman Turkey (London, 1989), and Studies on Istanbul and beyond: The Freely papers, ed. by Ousterhout Robert (Philadelphia, 2007). On Greek—Arabic—Greek translation, Maria Mavroudi, “Late Byzantium and exchange with Arabic writers”, in Brooks S. T. (ed.), Byzantium, faith and power (1261–1557): Perspectives on late Byzantine art and culture (New Haven, CT, 2007), 62–75. The effects of exchanges on European culture has been explored in various works, see for instance Re-orienting the Renaissance: Cultural exchanges with the East, ed. by MacLean Gerald (New York, 2005); Brotton Jerry, Trading territories: Mapping the early modern world (Ithaca, NY, 1998); Jardine Lisa, Brotton Jerry, Global interests: Renaissance art between East and West (Ithaca, NY, 2000).