1. Ibid., 303 and 323. Merton goes on to claim that scientific culture is “pathogenic”: “deviant behaviour” takes the form of “contentiousness, self-assertive claims, secretiveness lest one be forestalled, reporting only the data that support an hypothesis, false charges of plagiarism, even the occasional theft of ideas, and, in rare cases, the fabrication of data …” (ibid., 323). Merton in this instance does not distinguish between ‘acceptable’ and ‘unacceptable’ forms of deviant scientific behaviour — For a similar view, see Broad W., Wade N., Betrayers of the truth: Fraud and deceit in the halls of science (New York, 1982). Merton's source for his notion of ‘deviant response’ and its ‘active’ and ‘passive’ varieties is Talcott Parsons, The social system (Illinois, 1951).