1. Little Science, Big Science
2. Horgan John, The end of science (New York, 1997). Horgan makes the point that when we “know it all”, science will not end but rather enter a “postempirical” stage of untestable theories (such as quantum cosmology), populated as much by poets as by scientists. This, he suggests, is what such creative and ambitious persons as Stephen Hawking and other cosmologists are engaged in. Horgan calls it “ironic science”. Horgan, Maddox, op. cit. (ref. 3) have recently debated the issue hotly in several venues; see, e.g. The New York Times, 10 Nov. 1998, p. D5.