Modeling risk factors of degree of severity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in inpatient patients at Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Abstract

Background: RSUP Dr. M. Djamil was one of the COVID referral hospitals that treats patients with degrees of severity ranging from mild to critical. The high prevalence of COVID-19 differs from the severity of which it is necessary to know the risk factors as a preventive measure to minimize the higher risk. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in inpatients at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang, Indonesia. Design and methods: A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted by reviewing the medical record data of COVID-19 inpatients from March 2020 to February 2021. Sampling using a simple random sampling technique with a total of 95 patients. The Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) is a statistical measure used in epidemiology and medical research to assess the association between an exposure or risk factor and a particular outcome in a cross-sectional study. Results: Based on research, there are 41 (43.2%) severe patients. There is a relationship between age with p-value 0.004 (POR 4.5; 95% CI; 1.48–12.1), cardiovascular disease with p-value 0.003 (POR 5.9; 95% CI 1.7–21.4), and respiratory disease with p-value 0.001 (POR 6.6; 95% CI; 2.1–20.8) against COVID-19 infection. Diabetes Mellitus is the confounding variable. Respiratory disease is the dominant factor associated with the severity of COVID-19. Respiratory disease has 6.6 POR or Prevalence Odds Ratio values which means that COVID-19 patients with respiratory disease 6.6 more severe than those who has not respiratory disease history. Conclusions: Age, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases are associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection in patients at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang, Indonesia. It is highly recommended to increase health promotion regarding risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 to the community to avoid a more severe outcome.