Direct Visualization of Oral-Cavity Tissue Fluorescence as Novel Aid for Early Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Potentially Malignant Disorders Monitoring

Abstract

Direct visualization of the oral tissue autofluorescence has been recently reviewed in several studies as a possible adjunctive tool for early recognition and diagnosis of potentially malignant and malignant oral disorders. The aims of this study were to assess: a) the value of a simple handheld device for tissue auto-fluorescence visualization of potentially malignant oral lesions; and b) the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of tested device, using histological examination as the gold standard. 175 consecutive patients, with at least one clinical oral lesion, were enrolled in the study. Clinical conventional inspections were performed for each patient by two blind operators. Then, oral biopsy and histological examination were performed. Pathologist was blind with respect to the autofluorescence results. The 175 histological assessments revealed no dysplasia, mild dysplasia, moderate/severe dysplasia and OSCC, in the 67.4%, 8.6%, 8%, 16% of cases, respectively. Oral lesions diagnosed as OSCC were found as positive under fluorescent light in the 96.4% of cases. Statistically significant correlation was observed between oral dysplastic lesions and the loss of tissue fluorescence (p-value=0.001). Low sensitivity values (60% and 71%) were recorded about the ability of the device in differentiating mild dysplasia vs. lack of dysplasia and moderate/severe dysplasia vs absence of dysplasia, respectively. The device tested in our study was found to not replace the histopathology procedure. However, we assessed its usefulness for oral tissue examination, especially within an oral medicine secondary care facility, before performing a biopsy and in monitoring oral lesions.