Clinical Significance of Immunogenic Cell Death Biomarker Rage and Early Growth Response 1 in Human Primary Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Abstract

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a pattern recognition receptor that binds multiple ligands derived from a damaged cell environment, contributes to multiple pathologies including cancer. Early growth response 1 (EGR1) is a tumor suppressor gene or a tumor promoter involved in tumorigenesis and progression of some cancers. However, there is some lack of knowledge about the expression and clinical significance of RAGE and EGR1 in human primary gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). The present study was aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of RAGE and EGR1 in human GAC. One hundred and twenty cases of GAC tissues, adjacent non-cancer tissues (ANCT) and metastatic lymph node (MLN) tissues were collected. The expression of RAGE and EGR1 was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) through tissue microarray procedure. The clinicopathologic characteristics of all patients were analyzed. As a result, the expression of RAGE in GAC and MLN tissues showed the positive staining mainly in the cytoplasm, with lower reactivity rate compared with the ANCT (42.5% vs 82.5%, 65.0% vs 82.5%, P<0.001), while EGR1 expression had no significant difference between GAC, MLN tissues and ANCT ( P=0.565). Moreover, the positive expression of RAGE was closely associated with the N stage of GAC patients, but did not correlate with their age, gender, tumor size, tumor sites, T stage, and metastatic lymph node (each P>0.05). In addition, Spearman Rank correlation analysis showed the positive correlation of RAGE expression with EGR1 in GAC tissues (r=0.658). Taken together, the expression of RAGE is decreased in GAC and MLN tissues, and is associated with the N stage of GAC patients, suggesting that RAGE may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of GAC.