Associations Between Perceptions of e-Cigarette Harmfulness and Addictiveness and the Age of E-Cigarette Initiation Among the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Youth

Abstract

Introduction Youth perceptions of harmfulness and addictiveness of e-cigarettes may impact the age that they initiate e-cigarette use, but this has not been investigated previously. Methods Youth (12-17 years old) never e-cigarette users at their first wave of PATH participation (waves 1-3, 2013-2016) were included. PATH questions on absolute perceptions of e-cigarette harmfulness and addictiveness were used as exposures. Interval-censored Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the impact of perceptions of harmfulness, and perceptions of addictiveness on (i) the age of initiation of e-cigarette use and (ii) age of first reporting past 30-day e-cigarette use, while controlling for covariates. Results Youth who perceive e-cigarettes as having no/little harm had increased risk of initiating both ever e-cigarette use (AHR = 2.04; 95%CI = 1.74-2.40) and past 30-day e-cigarette use (AHR = 2.64; 95%CI = 2.07-3.37) at earlier ages compared to youth who perceive e-cigarettes as having a lot of harm. Youth who perceive the likelihood of becoming addicted to e-cigarettes to be very/somewhat unlikely had increased risk of an earlier age of both ever (AHR = 1.28; 95%CI = 1.07-1.52) and past 30-day (AHR = 1.36; 95%CI = 1.04-1.79) e-cigarette initiation compared to youth who perceived the likelihood of becoming addicted to e-cigarettes to be somewhat/very likely. Conclusion These results highlight the importance of communicating to youth the potential for health harms and addiction from e-cigarette use in prevention and intervention campaigns, as those with the lowest perceptions of harmfulness and addictiveness had the earliest ages of e-cigarette initiation.