Association of hemoglobin glycation index with prognosis of coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention: A retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Aims To analyze the association between hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and the long-term prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Predicted glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was calculated using an established formula and HGI represented the difference between laboratory measured HbA1c and predicted HbA1c. A total of 1780 patients were stratified into three subgroups (HGI < −0.4, −0.4 ≦ HGI < 0.12 and HGI ≧ 0.12). The primary endpoints included all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiac mortality (CM). The secondary endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). Results ACM occurred in 54 patients: 22 (3.7) in the low-HGI subgroup, 8 (1.3) in the moderate-HGI subgroup and 24 (4.1) in the high-HGI subgroup ( p = .012). After adjusting for the traditional clinical prognostic factors, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients in both the low and high HGI subgroups had significantly increased risk of ACM as compared with patients in the moderate HGI subgroup (hazard ratio [ HR] = 4.979, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.865–13.297, p = .001 and HR = 2.918, 95% CI: 1.075–7.922, p = .036). However, we did not find significant differences in the incidence of CM, MACEs and MACCEs. Conclusion HGI can predicts risk for long-term mortality in patients undergoing PCI. This index could be helpful for the effective clinical management of the CAD population.