Glycemic Outcomes During Real-World Hybrid Closed-Loop System Use by Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes in the United States

Abstract

Background: Glycemic outcomes during real-world hybrid closed-loop (HCL) system use by individuals with type 1 diabetes, in the United States, were retrospectively analyzed. Methods: Hybrid closed-loop system data voluntarily uploaded to Carelink™ personal software from March 2017 to November 2020 by individuals (aged ≥7 years) using the MiniMed™ 670G system and having ≥10 days of continuous glucose monitoring data after initiating Auto Mode were assessed. Glycemic outcomes including the mean glucose management indicator (GMI), sensor glucose (SG), percentage of time spent in (TIR), below (TBR), and above (TAR) target range (70-180 mg/dL) were analyzed. Outcomes were also analyzed in a subgroup of users per baseline GMI of <7% versus >8%. Results: The overall cohort (N = 123 355 users, with a mean of 87.9% of time in Auto Mode) had a GMI of 7.0% ± 0.4%, TIR of 70.4% ± 11.2%, TBR <70 mg/dL of 2.2% ± 2.1% and TAR>180 mg/dL of 27.5% ± 11.6%, post-Auto Mode initiation. Compared with pre-Auto Mode initiation, users (N = 52 941, 88.6% of time in Auto Mode) had a GMI that decreased from 7.3% ± 0.6% to 7.1% ± 0.5% ( P < .001), TIR that increased from 61.5% ± 15.1% to 68.1% ± 11.9% ( P < .001), TAR>180 mg/dL that decreased from 36.3% ± 15.7% to 29.8% ± 12.2% ( P < .001) and TBR<70 mg/dL that decreased from 2.11 ± 2.4 to 2.07% ± 2.25% ( P = .002). While all metrics statistically improved for the baseline GMI >8.0% group, the baseline GMI <7.0% group had unchanged TIR (77.4% ± 7.4% to 77.5% ± 8.0%, P = .456) and TAR>180 mg/dL that increased (19.2 ± 6.7 to 19.6 ± 7.9%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Real-world HCL system use in the U.S. demonstrated overall glycemic control that trended similarly with the system pivotal trial outcomes and previous real-world system use analyses.