Raman spectroscopic characterization of cracking and hydrolysis of n-pentane and n-octadecane at 300–375℃ with geological implications

Abstract

Hydrous and anhydrous isothermal experiments on n-pentane and n-octadecane were conducted at 300–375℃ for durations up to 1094 h to evaluate the cracking and hydrolysis of hydrocarbons, using fused silica capillary capsules as micro-reactors. The chemical compositions of the gaseous products during cracking of n-octadecane at 350 and 375℃ were methane, ethane, propane, and n-butane. The aqueous product in the hydrolysis of n-pentane and n-octadecane at 300–375℃ was alcohol. Alkenes and hydrogen were not detected throughout all the isothermal experiments. Results showed that the gaseous yields were characterized by higher contents of wet gas than those in natural gas accumulations. Mechanisms regulating the enrichment of methane in reservoirs should be further studied. The hydrolysis and oxidation of hydrocarbon were relatively limited in the absence of iron-bearing mineral buffers, suggesting that hydrocarbons might be more stable in iron-poor reservoirs (e.g. carbonate and quartz arenite) than in iron-bearing-mineral-rich ones (e.g. mudstone and arkose) under deep burial conditions. The absence of hydrogen was ascribed to its high diffusion rate in fused silica than in gold tube; any hydrogen produced in the reaction tends to diffuse out of the fused silica capsule with no or limited hydrogen accumulation, similar to those in geological environment. The diffusion of hydrogen should be considered during calculating the volume and pressure changes in the thermal cracking of oil to gas in reservoirs, because the loss of hydrogen would result in a decrease in the conversion rate of oil to gas.