Levels of Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Manganese and Lead in Normal and Pathological Human Seminal Plasma

Abstract

In this study, we established the values for cadmium, chromium, nickel, manganese and lead in seminal plasma of normal and in different infertile conditions. Except for manganese, the other elements were not present in all normal samples. The value of nickel differed significantly from normal in all pathological conditions except azoospermia. Chromium showed a statistical difference in azoospermia when compared to that of normozoospermia. The presence of these elements in semen could have different roles to play in the survival and function of spermatozoa.