Cutting Edge: Hyperinflammatory Monocytes Expressing CD56 Abound in Severe COVID-19 Patients

Author:

Campana Stefania1,De Pasquale Claudia1,Sidoti Migliore Giacomo2,Pezzino Gaetana1,Cavaliere Riccardo13,Venanzi Rullo Emmanuele45ORCID,Nunnari Giuseppe45ORCID,Caramori Gaetano67ORCID,David Antonio89,Bonaccorsi Irene13ORCID,Pollicino Teresa1011ORCID,Carrega Paolo1ORCID,Ferlazzo Guido13ORCID

Affiliation:

1. *Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy;

2. †Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy;

3. ‡Clinical Pathology Unit, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Martino,” Messina, Italy;

4. §Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy;

5. ¶Unit of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Martino,” Messina, Italy;

6. ‖Department BIOMORF, University of Messina, Messina, Italy;

7. #Pulmonology Unit, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Martino,” Messina, Italy;

8. **Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy;

9. ††Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Martino,” Messina, Italy;

10. ‡‡Department of Human Pathology University of Messina, Messina, Italy; and

11. §§Clinical and Molecular Hepatology Unit, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Martino,” Messina, Messina, Italy

Abstract

Abstract Proinflammatory monocytes play a preponderant role in the development of a cytokine storm causing fatal consequences in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, highlighting the importance of analyzing in more detail monocyte distribution in these patients. In this study, we identified an atypical monocyte subpopulation expressing CD56 molecules that showed a low level of HLA-DR and high level of l-selectin. They released higher amounts of TNF-α and IL-6 and expressed genes associated with an excessive inflammatory process. Remarkably, the frequency of CD56+ monocytes inversely correlated with that of CD16+ monocytes and a high CD56+/CD16+monocyte ratio was associated with both disease severity and mortality, as well as with serum concentration of type I IFN, a factor able to induce the appearance of CD56+ monocytes. In conclusion, severe COVID-19 is characterized by the abundance of hyperinflammatory CD56+ monocytes, which could represent a novel marker with prognostic significance and, possibly, a therapeutic target for controlling the inflammatory process occurring during COVID-19.

Funder

Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca

Ministero della Salute

Finanziamento annuale individuale attività di ricerca

Roche Holding | Roche Diagnostics

Publisher

The American Association of Immunologists

Subject

Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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