How the Unfolded Protein Response Is a Boon for Tumors and a Bane for the Immune System

Author:

Raines Lydia N.1ORCID,Huang Stanley Ching-Cheng12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. *Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH

2. †Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH

Abstract

AbstractThe correct folding of proteins is essential for appropriate cell function and is tightly regulated within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Environmental challenges and cellular conditions disrupt ER homeostasis and induce ER stress, which adversely affect protein folding and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). It is now becoming recognized that cancer cells can overcome survival challenges posed within the tumor microenvironment by activating the UPR. Furthermore, the UPR has also been found to impose detrimental effects on immune cells by inducing immunoinhibitory activity in both tumor-infiltrating innate and adaptive immune cells. This suggests that these signaling axes may be important therapeutic targets, resulting in multifaceted approaches to eradicating tumor cells. In this mini-review, we discuss the role of the UPR in driving tumor progression and modulating the immune system’s ability to target cancer cells. Additionally, we highlight some of the key unanswered questions that may steer future UPR research.

Publisher

The American Association of Immunologists

Subject

Immunology and Allergy,General Medicine,Immunology

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