Squat and Countermovement Vertical Jump Dynamics Using Knee Dominant or Hip Dominant Strategies

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate squat jump and countermovement jump kinetics in the knee dominant and hip dominant postures. Participants included 12 male sports science students. They were instructed to perform a squat jump and a countermovement jump with two squat postures: knee- and hip-dominant postures. The jumping motion and ground reaction force were recorded using a motion capture system and a force plate, respectively. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There was a significant interaction for the maximal knee joint extension torque, with the knee-countermovement jump being more than twice higher than that of other conditions, but not for mechanical work of the knee joint, which was significantly greater in the knee posture than in the hip posture. No significant interactions were found in mechanical work and maximal extension torque of the hip joint, both of which were significantly greater in the hip posture than in the knee posture, and in the countermovement jump than in the squat jump. This study showed that the effects of countermovement and posture were different for joints and that these effects were independent in the hip joint, but interacted in the knee joint. In the knee joint, the posture increased the effect of countermovement on extension torque, but the effect on mechanical work was small. This suggests that countermovement in the knee posture has little effect on the lifting work, but results in a great load on the knee extensors.