Niet-medicamenteuze behandeling van ADHD bij kleuters, een systematische review

Abstract

Non-pharmacological Treatment of ADHD in preschoolers, a systematic review Objective: Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be diagnosed from the age of 36 months. The Superior Health Council recommends a parent training program to be offered for children from the age of three when they exhibit behavioral problems suggestive of ADHD. This systematic review investigates the evidence for non-pharmacological interventions. It also investigates if there is a preferential choice. Methods: A search was performed in Pubmed and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials since 2013 investigating non-pharmacological interventions for ADHD in children under six years of age were included. Exclusion criteria were language and articles in which the effect on ADHD symptoms was not described. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials. Results: Eighteen articles were included, most of which described parent training. Parent training had a moderate to large effect on ADHD symptoms reported by parents (non blinded). The observed effects persisted for up to 12 months. A preferential choice in specific parent training program was not found. Other interventions included teacher training, cognitive training and yoga. Conclusion: Despite limited evidence from blinded raters, parent training is recommended as a treatment for preschoolers with ADHD. Alternatives have not yet been sufficiently researched.