Classical and Inverted White's Effects

Author:

Ripamonti Caterina1,Gerbino Walter2

Affiliation:

1. Colour and Imaging Institute, University of Derby, Kingsway House, Derby DE22 3HL, UK

2. Department of Psychology, University of Trieste, via Sant'Anastasio 12, I 34134 Trieste, Italy

Abstract

In classical White's effect, intermediate-luminance targets appear lighter when they interrupt the dark stripes of a grating and darker when they interrupt the light stripes. The effect is reversed when targets are of double-increment or double-decrement luminance, relative to the luminances of grating stripes. To find a common explanation for classical and inverted effects, we ran two experiments. In experiment 1, we utilised intermediate-target displays to show that perceived transparency dominates over occlusion only when the target luminance is close to the luminances of top regions. This result weakens transparency-based accounts of White's effect. In experiment 2, we varied grating contrast and target luminance to measure the classical effect in seven intermediate-target cases, as well as the inverted effect in four double-increment and four double-decrement cases. Both types of effect are explained by a common model, based on assimilation to the top region and contrast with the interrupted region, weighted by adjacency along the luminance continuum.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Artificial Intelligence,Sensory Systems,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology,Ophthalmology

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