Comparison of the Effectiveness of Fluoride versus Grape Seed Extract in Biomimetic Remineralization of Dentin

Abstract

This study aims to compare the remineralization efficiency of grape seed extract versus fluoride in artificial carious dentin lesions in the biomimetic remineralization procedure. One hundred and twelve extracted impacted human teeth were demineralized for 10 days and divided into 4 groups. Demineralization group (DM), remineralization group (RM group), remineralization fluoride group (RM F), remineralization grape seed extract group (RM GSE). Demineralization (DM) group were stored in physiological saline after demineralization. RM F was kept in 1000 ppm fluorine solution and RM GSE was kept in 6.5% grape seed extract for 10 min. RM, RM F, RM GSE groups were stored in simulated body fluid (SBF) with biomimetic analogues and Portland cement discs for 6 weeks. The specimens were evaluated by microhardness test, elasticity modulus measurement, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Kruskal–Wallis H test with Bonferroni correction was used for between-group comparisons. Microhardness and elasticity modulus values differed significantly among the groups, with the highest values in the RM-GSE group, followed by the RM-F group, RM group, and DM group. SEM images showed granular structure formations in the RM-GSE and RM-F groups. It is concluded that although remineralization can occur by mineral precipitation in structures with high organic matrix density such as dentin, the collagen structure must be supported to increase the degree of remineralization.