Developing Green Feed Toward Environment Sustainability in Freshwater Aquaculture in Indonesia

Abstract

Environment performance is critical in freshwater aquaculture subject to fish diet formulation due to its negative impacts such as waters eutrophication and water quality. Problem on the water quality is not only impact on the fish growth itself but also will impact on the aquaculture business sustainability. Sustainability of fresh water aquaculture mainly relates to its environment performance subject to various resource management. Freshwater aquaculturist face a challenge to manage such resources to achieve their competitive advantage. The Resource-Based View (RBV) theory highlight on the firm ability to achieve their competitive advantage which dynamic capability is one of the main concern. The intensive freshwater aquaculture relied on feed as the primary factor to increase fish growth and production mainly. The feed might contribute 20 -30% waste in environment. The objective of this study is to identify in what extend green feed technology can support the environment sustainability. This study use combination of field data experimental result and semi structure interview to the fish farmers and fish agents. Developing green feed is one of the solution to gain environment sustainability. Various commercial diets have been fed on freshwater cultured fishes using both cages and ponds. As the results, low digestible diet and wasted diet has increased N and P in water, which will decline water quality at certain level. It is recommended to formulate green feed using low P and high digestible ingredients as well as any supplement material, which could increase diet digestibility. Minimize waste possible done through increasing feeding efficiency and use multiple cages, polyculture, aquaponics system in ponds, and alternative fish by-product in the diet. Technology to support the environment sustainability can be implemented by arranging the C-N ratio of the water, which will raise production of both bioflocs and bio-films. Stocking multi species different food web is recommended.