ПОСТСТРЕССОВЫЕ РЕАКЦИИ И РАССТРОЙСТВА У УЧАСТНИКОВ ВОЙНЫ В АРЦАХЕ / POST-STRESS REACTIONS AND DISORDERS AMONG THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE WAR IN ARTSAKH

Abstract

Relevance: Psychological trauma and stress-related disorders represent the primary challenges in modern psychiatry, notably acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the context of contemporary fifth-generation warfare, combat trauma assumes particular signifi-cance, evident in the nature of resulting mental disorders. The aim: To examine the main forms of psychopathological disorders among 44-day Artsakh war participants. Material, methods: A total of 104 war veterans aged 18-50 were examined using clinical-psychopathological, laboratory, instrumental, and psychological methods, including the SCL-90-R, Mississippi PTSD scale, and Shmishek Personality Scale. Results: Among the participants, 77 individuals (74%) exhibited ASD, while 27 individuals (26%) displayed depressive and psychotic disorders, etc. Additionally, 39 participants (37.5%) showed signs of PTSD in its earliest stages of pathological development. The most prevalent personali-ty accentuation type observed was the exalted type (69 individuals, 66.3%). %). The statistical analy-sis unveiled significant differences in the expression of factors measured by the SCL-90-R, Mississippi-an, and Shmishek questionnaires. These differences were dependent on the combatants' age, type of military engagement, and the timing of hospital admission. Discussion: All forms of psychopathological disorders stemmed from an unique combat trauma, which, in this case, is characterized by its "invisibility, inaccessibility of the source of trauma, its reali-ty, and tangibility." The boundaries between post-trauma clinical manifestations are amorphous, overlapping, and do not correspond to the chronological criteria outlined in the ICD and DSM. Combat trauma acts as a catalyst for all post-trauma disorders. Conclusion: The atypical nature of trauma undermines the conventional criteria for PTSD and ASD. Chronological criteria fail to align with clinical realities, revealing challenges in distinguishing between ASD and PTSD. The findings suggest the existence of peritraumatic stress disorders, which encompass all post-trauma conditions.