Chinese philosophical thought, which has fascinated Europe ever since the Enlightenment, originated in one of the most turbulent periods of Chinese history, the period from the sixth to the third century BC, in response to a crisis of disruption in ancient civilization. This book is dedicated to this "classical" period because of its lasting significance. It is intended to provide readers, even those without prior knowledge, with a reliable introduction to all the essential thinkers of the epoch, beginning with Confucius. Through numerous quotations, all translated from the original sources, the reader is introduced to the content, style and methodology of the ancient philosophies. In doing so, the book also gives repeated indications of the undiminished relevance of the positions represented. This fourth edition has been extensively revised and enhanced.