ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISEASES

Abstract

Abstract: The article aims to review the available scientific literature on the topic: "Etiological factors and pathogenesis of diseases of the temporomandibular joint", in order to draw attention to the problems of classifying these pathologies from the standpoint of the cause of their occurrence. The particular relevance of the topic given by the fact that any dentist, regardless of his specialization, can face this problem. Studies carried out both in our and in foreign countries, despite a significant scatter of results, assert a wide epidemiological prevalence of TMJ pathology in all population groups. In addition, according to some authors, TMJ pathology in terms of frequency of occurrence among lesions of the tooth-jaw system is second only to periodontal diseases and caries. The vastness of TMJ pathologies is due to the structure, anatomical and topographic features, functional and morphological changes that occur during life, the presence of concomitant pathologies, as well as disturbances in the balance of the main components of the tooth-jaw system: muscles and the joints themselves. The factors that provoke TMJ diseases divided into several groups: occlusive; muscle; articular, traumatic and iatrogenic, errors in orthopedic and orthodontic treatment, overbite during treatment; systemic and hereditary - hypermobility or hyper-relaxation of the joint, dysplasia of connective tissue and, finally, hormonal, each of which considered both independently and in combination with others. The presence of extensive etiological factors makes the correct diagnosis and treatment difficult. Often, the incorrectness of the treatment of such patients consists in the elimination of individual symptoms instead of a complex effect on the causes, pathogenesis and symptoms of the disease. A thorough analysis of provoking factors, as well as the development of a classification reflecting the etiology of TMJ diseases will facilitate the treatment of pathology in the near future.