COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF RUSSIAN-MADE DRUGS FOR PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY

Abstract

Abstract. Currently the using of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is expanding in clinical practice. This type of treatment is used not only in oncology, but also in such areas as dentistry, cardiology, ophthalmology, surgery, dermatology, otolaryngology and cosmetology. An urgent task facing clinicians using photodynamic methods is to choose the optimal photosensitizer (PS) and modes of its photoactivation, the result of which will lead to the necessary therapeutic effect. Conditionally, the PS is divided into three generations. Hematoporphyrin derivatives are first-generation PS. The most well-known and widely used is Photofrin. The second generation of PS is represented by chlorines, phthalocyanines, benzoporphyrins, 5-aminolevulinic acid. Foscan is the strongest PS of the second generation. A serious drawback in the first and second generation of PS: their selective accumulation in the tumor cell is impossible. The third generation of PS is the means of the second generation associated with a carrier that provides minimal accumulation in healthy tissues with high specificity to the affected cancer cell. To create a complete picture of the main aspects of the application, it is necessary to know the physicochemical and commodity characteristics of such drugs. The authors of the article reviewed the range of PS registered in the Russian Federation and used in clinical practice. Their attitude to the pharmacotherapeutic group, distribution according to the anatomical and therapeutic classification are shown, physicochemical properties, indications, side effects are characterized. The classifications are compared, the advantages and disadvantages of photosensitizers used for the treatment of malignant tumors and other diseases by PDT are considered. A classification of PS is proposed based on their application in combination with physicochemical properties. It is indicated that the main active substances of Russian-made medicines are derivatives of porphyrins and aminolevulinic acid. Thus, at present, the range of PS allows to significantly expand the possible areas of application and increase the effectiveness of PDT in various diseases, but also to continue the search for the ideal drug for this type of therapy.