CHARACTERISTICS OF DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN THE CHUKOTKA AUTONOMOUS OKRUG

Abstract

Current: a comparative analysis of demographic processes in the Arctic regions of Russia adjacent to the Northern Sea Route allows us to determine the main areas of improvement and development. The aim of this study was estimation of demographic prospects of the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug based on the results of the analysis of birth and death rates. Materials and methods: The main demographic indicators in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug from 2012 to 2022 were analyzed. A dynamic observation was carried out, as well as a comparison with the average statistical values for the Russian Federation. The main source of information was the database sites of the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System and the Federal State Statistics Service. The results of the study and their discussion. During the last 20 years, there has been a downward trend in the population. In the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, despite the relatively high birth rate, the population decline is at a fairly high level in comparison with the data on average for the Russian Federation. It is associated with the migration outflow of the population, high morbidity and mortality from various causes. One should pay special attention to the mortality rate in working age; in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug it is much higher than the average in Russia. The peak of mortality in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug was observed from 2017 to 2019. Significant demographic losses are also caused by high mortality from tuberculosis, sudden external causes (suicide, murder). The main factors adversely affecting demographic indicators are the peculiarities of behavior mainly associated with alcoholism, as well as a decrease in the social, physical and psychological well-being of the population of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Conclusion. The high and long-lasting infant mortality rate in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in comparison with that in the Russian Federation requires a thorough study of the causes and the development of programs to improve the situation in the region.