ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL CASES OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS ON THE BACKGROUND OF COMORBID PATHOLOGIES

Abstract

The article collects and analyzes the available information on the pathogenesis, features of diagnosis and course of acute pancreatitis in patients with HIV and COVID-19 based on cited scientific papers. Patients with HIV/AIDS can be affected to a wide range of factors for the development of acute pancreatitis, such as opportunistic infections, neoplasms and metabolic changes due to the use of antiretroviral drugs. Morphological changes in the pancreas, including its endocrine, exocrine apparatus and interstitial tissue, as well as the ductal system, observed in about 20% of HIV-infected patients. Pathological and morphological changes in the pancreas during autopsy detected in 90% of cases. With the introduction of combined antiretroviral drugs, new metabolic disorders appeared, such as liver steatosis and lactic acidosis, which also have a toxic effect on the pancreas. COVID-19 can cause severe complications from the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, blood vessels and other vital human systems and organs. Scientists associate the effect of the virus on pancreatic cells with the placement of ACE-2 receptors in the organ. The presence of ACE-2 in non-respiratory organs has a positive effect on the functioning of these tissues. As is known, COVID-19 infection was caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This virus actively replicates using intracellular ARF-2 and then destroys the host cell when it enters the extracellular space [1]. Although COVID-19 refers to respiratory infections, doctors recognize that the disease is multisystem, in other words, it can affect any organ [2]. During the period of COVID-19 disease, the human excretory system ceases to cope with its functions due to oxygen starvation, blood detoxification does not occur. Against this background, multiple organ failure and numerous edemas of the tissues of internal organs develop. The organs of the endo- and exocrine systems suffer, including the organ of mixed secretion – the pancreas. The study of the impact of the new coronavirus infection is the most relevant nowadays, from that moment this infection is relatively young and poorly studied. By analyzing rare clinical cases, we can predict the consequences of the disease and anticipate late complications. The analysis was made on the basis of laboratory and morphological features. Comparison of pancreatitis in patients with HIV and COVID-19 has been conducted. As a result, the most relevant questions on this topic have been formed.