THE CURRENT SITUATION OF PERINATAL AND INFANT MORTALITY IN RUSSIA

Abstract

Abstract. Perinatal medicine has caused an improvement in the health of newborns, as well as a decrease in the perinatal mortality rate in all countries of the world. The level and structure of perinatal mortality is one of the main demographic indicators of the population. The problem of reducing the infant mortality rate always remains relevant. The birth rate is noticeably increasing every year. Due to the increase in the birth rate in the country, perinatal centers are being improved, which are able to provide qualified medical care quickly, efficiently and in a short time. The indicator of perinatal mortality depends on many factors: firstly, it is the health of parents, their living conditions and lifestyle. Secondly, the perinatal mortality rate depends on the socio-economic conditions of the population, the level of medical capacity, as well as the patient orientation of medical personnel. This article reveals the main causes of perinatal and infant mortality, shows the negative impact of system gaps in the treatment and care of pregnant women. The main factors of perinatal mortality are premature birth, intrauterine infections, congenital malformations, negligent attitude of pregnant women to their health and the health of their child. A significant part of unfavorable perinatal outcomes is determined by premature birth. One of the main reasons for under-bearing is the socio-economic conditions of the country. Thus, in economically different countries, the rate of premature birth ranges up to 5%, in African countries up to 15%. Maternal infections, hormonal disorders, extragenital diseases during pregnancy are also factors affecting premature birth. It turned out that intrauterine infections reach up to 70% among premature babies. According to autopsy results in 37.5%, intrauterine infection was the main cause of death. The provision of high-quality, timely and high-tech care, professional development of medical workers, modernization of medical equipment, constant monitoring of the course of pregnancy, early detection of abnormalities are priority areas that underlie the reduction of perinatal and infant mortality and stabilization of the demographic situation.