Space-time continuum in seismic stratigraphy: Principles and norms

Abstract

Seismic stratigraphy is not only a geometric understanding of a stratigraphic succession, but it also has a close link to the space-time continuum started by H. E. Wheeler (1907–1987). The science follows the fundamental principles of stratigraphy, and the norms that govern seismic interpretation play a fundamental role due to their practical significance. The birth of computer-aided algorithms paved a new platform for seismic interpretation. The ideas from A. W. Grabau (1870–1946) and Wheeler were brought to a new level when space-time continuum was represented using 3D seismic data. This representation is commonly referred to as the Wheeler transformation, and it is based on flattening theories. Numerous algorithms have been introduced. Each suffers from its own problem and follow some assumption. The hydrocarbon industry, as well as academia, should seek a solution that is globally applicable to a stratigraphic succession irrespective of resolution, geologic challenges, and depositional settings. We have developed a review of the principles and norms behind these algorithms assisting in developing the space-time continuum of a stratigraphic succession using 2D/3D seismic data.