Near-surface resistivity for hydrocarbon detection

Abstract

A new method called the “grid resistivity system” (GRS) is described which measures relative changes in subsurface resistivity using the low-frequency harmonics (either 50 or 60 Hz) generated by electric power lines. The electromagnetic waves emanate from the power grid, and some of this energy interacts with the air-Earth interface to be absorbed by the Earth. The lowest frequency penetrates to the greatest depth. The power from the grid causes current to flow in the rocks and soil. The Earth material with higher conductivity offers a path for the current to follow. The method can help locate geophysical signatures associated with the geochemical response of hydrocarbon chimney leakage. Data collection is fast and low cost. Processing results in cross sections of resistivity. Interpretation focuses on the identification of the larger conductors related to clay alteration caused by chimney leakage from a reservoir.