TWO‐DIMENSIONAL MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION TO SEISMIC PROBLEMS

Abstract

Laboratory seismograms of a fault model demonstrate the mechanism for diffraction and clearly show the difference in amplitude decay and moveout between a reflection and a diffraction. The inverted order and the deflection to the side of reflected energy from a curved reflector with a buried focus is demonstrated. A comparison is made of seismograms from a simple fault model and from one combining a fault with curved reflectors leading to it. The curved surfaces increase the overlap of the reflected events and mask the fault. Modeling techniques, involving the control of the reflection coefficient between layers by thickness variations and the control of the propagation velocity through a layer by combining two or more materials into a laminated sheet, are demonstrated.