In an instant-runoff election there are well-known necessary and sufficient conditions for a 3-candidate, fully-ranked upward monotonicity anomaly. We extend previous research to find necessary and/or sufficient conditions in a number of related areas: (1) monotonicity anomalies in 3-candidate elections when ballots are not necessarily fully-ranked, (2) monotonicity anomalies in 4-candidate and higher instant-runoff elections, and (3) participation (no-show) anomalies in 3-candidate elections, both fully-ranked and not. These conditions are useful for theoretical purposes as well as for computational methods used to find anomalies in election data.