Effects of second-hand smoking on lung functions in athlete and non-athlete school-aged children – observational study

Abstract

Background: Second-hand smoking or environmental tobacco smoke is a critical health risk. Children are the most vulnerable to second-hand smoking because of their small bronchial ducts, less developed immunity, and low-physical activity. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effects of second-hand smoking on lung functions in athlete and non-athlete school-aged children. Methods: This observational study included forty-six school-aged children, their age was 8-15 years, assigned to three groups; 2 study groups and 1 control group (n=15). The study groups comprised of 16 football players, and of 15 cyclists. Lung func- tions were evaluated recording forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and peak expiratory flow using digital spirometer. Results: All measures were recorded in definite values and the children were also classified into second-hand smoking (SH), or non-exposed to tobacco smoking (NE). The findings presented a significant increase (p<0.05) of the study groups in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and peak expiratory flow solely for the non-exposed children. However, there were non-significant differences between the cyclists and football players or between the passive smoking children and non-exposed children in any of the two study groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The outcomes of this study suggest beneficial influences of the sports activity on the lung functions, without dif- ferent influences of the cyclists and football players on the lung functions. Keywords: Children; second-hand smoking; lung functions; athlete.