Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients in a Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) Referral Centre in Delta State, Nigeria: a five-year review (2012 - 2016)

Abstract

Introduction: The objective of this study is to observe the trend in treatment outcomes and identify determinants of treatment success among patients recruited into care through the DOTS strategy. Methodology: A retrospective record review of tuberculosis patients (2012-2016) was carried out at the Tuberculosis and Leprosy Referral Centre, Eku, Delta State, Nigeria. Results: Records of four hundred and twenty five (425) tuberculosis patients under DOTS were reviewed over five years. The highest number of cases under treatment, 102 (24.0%), was recorded in 2013. The mean age (SD) of patients was 37.3 (±16.5) years, majority of the patients were male (62.4%) and 18% had TB/HIV co-infection. Treatment outcomes of patients were cured (53.4%), completed (27.8%), died (6.8%), failed (2.4%), lost to follow up (4.9%), transferred out (1.2%) and not evaluated (3.5%). Over all, treatment success rate was 81.2% with a trend of 88.7% (2012), 87.3% (2013), 85.9% (2014), 65.0% (2015) and 65.8% (2016) respectively. Patient characteristics were not associated with treatment success.Conclusion: The treatment success rate was high and in line with the national recommendation of 80% and above. The trend showed a reduction in number of new cases enrolled into the DOTS programme, reduction in success rate with a concomitant increase in loss to follow up. There was no association between patient characteristics and TB treatment success. System strengthening on patient follow up, community health education and treatment adherence is recommended. Keywords: Tuberculosis; DOTS; Treatment Outcome; TB/HIV Co-infection; Delta State.