Neutrophil-Lymphocyte, Platelet-Neutrophil, and PlateletLymphocyte Ratios as Indicators of Sickle Cell Anaemia Severity

Abstract

Background: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) imposes a substantial healthcare burden, affecting millions of people worldwide. Understanding  the determinants influencing SCA severity is crucial for enhanced disease management and optimized patient outcomes. This study  aimed to investigate the relationship between Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-Neutrophil Ratio (PNR), Platelet-Lymphocyte  Ratio (PLR), and SCA severity. Methods: A cohort of 45 children diagnosed with SCA and undergoing treatment at Chukwuemeka  Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, was included in this study. Demographic and clinical data, along with laboratory measurements of the aforementioned ratios, were collected. The severity of SCA was assessed using numerical scoring. Results: The  analysis revealed that PNR and PLR emerged as significant predictors of SCA severity, irrespective of the level of adiposity. In contrast,  NLR demonstrated no predictive value in relation to SCA severity. Conclusion: The findings challenge the conventional notion that  neutrophils alone play a central role in the pathogenesis of sickle cell crises. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the  disease and provide insights into possible alternative mechanisms underlying SCA severity. Further research is warranted to explore the  intricate interplay between platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and other biological factors within the context of SCA. Ultimately, this  knowledge may pave the way for targeted interventions and improved management strategies for individuals living with SCA.