Prevalence of hepatitis-B virus co-infection among people living with HIV in Mthatha region of South Africa

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis-B virus (HBV) co-infection among people living with HIV (PLWH) is highly endemic in South Africa. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine for the last four decades, chronic HBV infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among PLWH. Although the incidence of most opportunistic infections has been reduced in individuals with HIV since the implementation of the universal test and treat program in South Africa, HBV co-infection among PLWH is still accounting for high morbidity and mortality. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in King Sabata Dalindyebo sub-district municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa to determine the prevalence of HBV co-infection among PLWH. Results: Two-thirds (65.5%) of the 602 PLWH who participated in the study had been screened for HBV co-infection. The mean age of the participants was 38.8±10.5 years and the majority (75.1%) were female. The prevalence of HBV co-infection among PLWH was 12.2%; among males were three times more frequently than females (OR=3, 95% CI 1.6-5.6, p=0.001). The median CD4 count of participants was 508 cell/mm3 (inter-quadrantile range = 307 to 715) and there was no significant association between HBV co-infection and CD4 count. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of HBV co-infection among PLWH in the Mthatha region of South Africa. The high prevalence of HBV co-infection indicates the need for routine screening for hepatitis B among PLWH in South Africa. Keywords: HBV; HIV; PLWH; UTT; morbidity; and mortality.