Experiences of mental health problems vulnerability, psychological symptoms and coping mechanisms of displaced adolescents in North-east Nigeria

Abstract

Background: At a global level the issue of forcible internal displacement appears to be somewhat growing. Most internally displaced persons in Nigeria are children and adolescents, but most of the existing literature and public debate focus on the experiences and outcomes of displaced adults. Objective: We set out to explore the adverse conditions that increase vulnerability to mental health problems, and the psychological symptoms and coping mechanisms reported by internally displaced adolescents. Methods: Using a qualitative approach, 15 adolescents recruited across three different displacement settlements were interviewed individually using a semi-structured interview format on their displacement experiences, and their adaptations to these experiences. Results: The thematic analysis showed that, in addition to experience of mental health problems, vulnerabilities and profound psychological symptoms for some, displacement constituted a complex life-changing process for all. High-risk coping strategies such as ‘seeking support by begging’ and ‘transactional sex for exchange of need were predominantly adopted by female participants. Some participants demonstrated resilience by engaging in religious behavioural coping, which they considered necessary to mitigate their past traumatic memories. Conclusion: Internally displaced adolescents’ experience of psychological symptoms and choice of coping mechanisms relate to their contextually perceived needs. Psychosocial support for these adolescents is recommended. Keywords: Internally displaced adolescents; mental health; psychological symptoms; coping; Boko-Haram.